13, 12. Calcinosis Cutis and Artery Calcification
When kidneys can’t get rid of excess phosphate, levels in the blood rise. Phosphate can bind with calcium, forming crystals. If these crystals deposit in the skin, it’s called calcinosis cutis, appearing as hard, painless, whitish-yellow bumps. More concerning, these crystals can deposit in blood vessels, making them hard and less flexible. This artery calcification can be seen on X-rays as the arteries become visible, feeling like a guitar string under the skin. High phosphate also affects calcium levels, which can lead to muscle cramps.
11, 10. Muscle Cramps and Osteoporosis
Low calcium levels, often linked to kidney problems and high phosphate, can cause painful muscle cramps, especially at night. Additionally, the body releases parathyroid hormone to try and get calcium from bones when levels are low. Over time, this weakens bones, leading to osteoporosis. Signs include height loss or fractures from minor falls, particularly in the wrist, spine, or hips.
9, 8. Itchy Skin and Restless Legs Syndrome
As toxins build up in the blood (uremia), they can irritate the skin, causing intense itching, often worse at night. These toxins can also make nerve endings more sensitive. Uremia can also contribute to restless legs syndrome, a condition causing an urge to move your legs, especially when trying to sleep. This is partly due to how toxins affect iron levels and the hormone hepcidin, which can lead to iron deficiency and the symptoms of restless legs.
7, 6. Metallic Taste and Loss of Appetite
When uremic toxins accumulate, they can affect your taste buds, leading to a metallic taste in your mouth, similar to licking a penny. These toxins can also make your breath smell like urine (uremic fetor). This change in taste and smell, along with toxins affecting the brain’s appetite control center, can lead to a loss of appetite, nausea, and unintentional weight loss.
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